NIBIOHN Identifies Tissue-specific Exosome Marker Candidates from Blood

OSAKA,Japan,March 22,2022 -- The National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation,Health and Nutrition(hereinafter NIBIOHN) based in Ibaraki-shi,Osaka Prefecture,has successfullycatalogued more than 4,000 proteins contained in exosomes in healthy humanblood (serum and plasma). Using this catalogue,NIBIOHN has identifiedtissue-specific exosome marker candidates from blood that will lead to thedevelopment of highly accurate next-generation biomarkers.

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Blood contains a mixture of exosomes secreted from nearly all tissues andcells,and exosomes from other tissues can mask changes caused by disease,making it difficult to detect the presence of biomarkers that reflect disease. This problem is more pronounced in the early stages of disease and hinders thedevelopment of early diagnostic markers. If exosomes derived from the tissue ofinterest could be purified,it would be possible to observe changes in exosomessecreted from the site of disease with a high degree of accuracy,even in theearly stages of the disease.

Researchers at NIBIOHN purified exosomes from serum and plasma samples fromhealthy subjects,and successfully compiled a catalogue of proteins in bloodexosomes on a scale of over 4,000 proteins by quantitative proteomic analysis. Furthermore,by combining this catalogue with information from a publicdatabase that defines tissue-specific proteins (Human Protein Atlas),theyfound that a number of tissue-specific proteins are also contained in bloodexosomes.

For example,a group of brain tissue-specific proteins were identified inexosomes and these proteins were found to show similar patterns of variationbetween individuals by co-regulation analysis. Network analysis has revealed anumber of proteins that have been reported to be associated withneurodegenerative diseases,including amyloid precursor protein (APP),microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT),presenilin 1 and huntingtin (HTT),suggesting that each of these proteins interact with each other and are presentin exosomes. Therefore,if a technology to purify brain-derived exosomes isestablished in the future,it is expected to be applied as a newbrain-monitoring technology to diagnose and monitor the pathology ofneurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,progressivesupranuclear palsy and Huntington's disease.

For research details,please visit:

https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/attach/202203098413-O1-2OJo97g0.pdf

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